Battle of Ayacucho

Date	9 December 1824
Location	Quinua, Peru, Huamanga Province
Result	Independentist Victory; Capitulation of the Royalist Army; End of Spanish rule in South America

Battle of Ayacucho
	Part of Peruvian War of Independence
	; The Battle of Ayacucho.
Date	9 December 1824
Location	Quinua, Peru, Huamanga Province
Result	Independentist Victory; Capitulation of the Royalist Army; End of Spanish rule in South America
Belligerents
; Great Columbia; Republic of Perú; United Provinces of South America; ; Chile; Foreign volunteers Great Britain and Ireland ; ;	; Spain Hispanic American royalists; ; Native Americans allies Quechuas Nobility ; ;
Commanders
Antonio José de Sucre	Viceroy La Serna; José de Canterac
Strength
United Liberation Army Total: 5780-6879 men 4,500 soldiers Great Columbia; 1,200 soldiers Republic of Perú;	Royalist Army Total: 6906-9310 men ; 500 soldiers Spain; 495 soldiers Chiloé; rest of men was Hispanic Americans and Natives militias from Viceroyalty of Peru;
Casualties and losses
979	2,100 killed or captured 3,500 prisoners

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The Battle of Ayacucho was a decisive military encounter during the Peruvian War of Independence. It was the battle that sealed the independence of Peru, as well as the victory that ensured independence for the rest of South America.

As of late 1824, Royalists still had control of most of the south of Peru as well as of the Real Felipe fort in the port of Callao. On December 9, 1824, the Battle of Ayacucho, or Battle of La Quinua, took place at Pampa de La Quinua, a few kilometers away from Ayacucho, near the town of Quinua between Royalist and Independentist forces. Independentist forces were led by Antonio José de Sucre, Simón Bolívar's lieutenant. Viceroy José de la Serna was wounded, and after the battle second commander in chief José de Canterac signed the final capitulation of the Royalist army. The modern Peruvian Army celebrates the anniversary of this battle.

[edit] Notes

^ Provincias Unidas del Río de la Plata: un escuadrón del Regimiento de Granaderos a Caballo de Buenos Aires (mencionado también como Granaderos montados de los Andes), fue mandado reorganizar por Bolívar con los jinetes que amotinados en Lurín apresando a sus jefes, no se unieron a los sublevados del Callao. (Memorias del general O'Leary, pág. 139. S.B. O'Leary, 1883.) (Spanish)
^ República de Chile: no hubo unidades chilenas en Ayacucho, pero sí jefes y soldados, la mayoría de los 300 reclutas que llegaron de Chile al puerto de Santa en diciembre de 1823 al mando del coronel Pedro Santiago Aldunate para completar las formaciones chilenas y fueron incorporados a la caballería colombiana y al Batallón Vargas por intercambio por reclutas peruanos, se dispersaron en la batalla de Corpahuaico, reuniéndose con el Ejército de Sucre luego de la batalla de Ayacucho. Los que sí estuvieron en la batalla, lo hicieron formando parte de los batallones colombianos y peruanos. (Los Peruanos y su Independencia, pág. 95. José Augusto De Izcue. BiblioBazaar, LLC, 2008. ISBN 0-559-43532-0, 9780559435324) (Spanish)
^ "At Ayacucho, the remains of the regiment were part of the Patriot order of battle but remained in the reserve and did not take part on the fighting. Instead, the Rifles and another battalion, the 'Vargas', were given a nerve-wracking mission: guarding the arsenal and the numerous Spanish prisoners. At any given moment there were only 50 Riflemen posted to keep an eye on 2,500 weapons and 2,000 prisoners-of-war. A number of the regiment's officers were temporarily transferred to other units and fought in the battle." Arthur Sandes
^ Los incas borbónicos: la elite indígena cuzqueña en vísperas de Tupac Amaru[1][2]
^ Complete name in spanish: "Ejército Unido peruano colombiano Libertador del Perú" [3] [4] [5]
^ Historia extensa de Colombia.Luis Martínez Delgado, Academia Colombiana de Historia.[6]. The Sucre's army start the campaign of Ayacucho with 13.000 independentist soldiers claim Viceroy la Serna:Ocho años de la Serna en el Perú (De la "Venganza" a la "Ernestine".Alberto Wagner de Reyna.[7]
^ Freedom territories mainly antique northern provinces of Perú, see map [8]
^ in spanish:Ejército Real del Perú [9]
^ El Perú Republicano y los fundamentos de su emancipación.Jorge Basadre.[10]
^ Occupied territories mainly antique southern provinces of Perú, see map [11]

[edit] References

El Perú Republicano y los fundamentos de su emancipación.Jorge Basadre.
Historia extensa de Colombia.Luis Martínez Delgado, Academia Colombiana de Historia.

[edit] See also

[edit] External links

Battle of Ayacucho animated battle map by Jonathan Webb
(Spanish) Ayacucho República Aristocrática photo gallery

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[0] Provincias Unidas del Río de la Plata: un escuadrón del Regimiento de Granaderos a Caballo de Buenos Aires (mencionado también como Granaderos montados de los Andes), fue mandado reorganizar por Bolívar con los jinetes que amotinados en Lurín apresando a sus jefes, no se unieron a los sublevados del Callao. (Memorias del general O'Leary, pág. 139. S.B. O'Leary, 1883.) (Spanish)

[1] República de Chile: no hubo unidades chilenas en Ayacucho, pero sí jefes y soldados, la mayoría de los 300 reclutas que llegaron de Chile al puerto de Santa en diciembre de 1823 al mando del coronel Pedro Santiago Aldunate para completar las formaciones chilenas y fueron incorporados a la caballería colombiana y al Batallón Vargas por intercambio por reclutas peruanos, se dispersaron en la batalla de Corpahuaico, reuniéndose con el Ejército de Sucre luego de la batalla de Ayacucho. Los que sí estuvieron en la batalla, lo hicieron formando parte de los batallones colombianos y peruanos. (Los Peruanos y su Independencia, pág. 95. José Augusto De Izcue. BiblioBazaar, LLC, 2008. ISBN 0-559-43532-0, 9780559435324) (Spanish)

[2] "At Ayacucho, the remains of the regiment were part of the Patriot order of battle but remained in the reserve and did not take part on the fighting. Instead, the Rifles and another battalion, the 'Vargas', were given a nerve-wracking mission: guarding the arsenal and the numerous Spanish prisoners. At any given moment there were only 50 Riflemen posted to keep an eye on 2,500 weapons and 2,000 prisoners-of-war. A number of the regiment's officers were temporarily transferred to other units and fought in the battle." Arthur Sandes

[3] Los incas borbónicos: la elite indígena cuzqueña en vísperas de Tupac Amaru[1][2]

[4] Complete name in spanish: "Ejército Unido peruano colombiano Libertador del Perú" [3] [4] [5]

[5] Historia extensa de Colombia.Luis Martínez Delgado, Academia Colombiana de Historia.[6]. The Sucre's army start the campaign of Ayacucho with 13.000 independentist soldiers claim Viceroy la Serna:Ocho años de la Serna en el Perú (De la "Venganza" a la "Ernestine".Alberto Wagner de Reyna.[7]

[6] Freedom territories mainly antique northern provinces of Perú, see map [8]

[7] spanish:Ejército Real del Perú [9]

[8] El Perú Republicano y los fundamentos de su emancipación.Jorge Basadre.[10]

[9] Occupied territories mainly antique southern provinces of Perú, see map [11]

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Battle of Ayacucho

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