Emperor Gaozong of Song
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| Emperor Gaozong of Song China | |
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| Birth and death: | June 12, 1107–November 9, 1187 (aged 80) |
| Family name: | Zhao (趙) |
| Given name: | Gou (構) |
| Courtesy name (字): | Deji (德基) |
| Dates of reign: | Jun. 12, 1127¹–Jul. 24, 1162² (35 years) |
| Dynasty: | Song (宋) |
| Temple name: | Gaozong (高宗) |
| Posthumous name: (short) |
Never used short |
| Posthumous name: (full) |
Emperor Shouming Zhongxing Quangong Zhide Shengshen Wuwen Zhaoren Xianxiao³ 受命中興全功至德聖神武文昭仁 憲孝皇帝 |
| General note: Dates given here are in the Julian calendar. They are not in the proleptic Gregorian calendar. |
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| 1. Following the capture of his older half-brother Emperor Qinzong in January 1127 by the Jurchen invaders, was proclaimed emperor on June 12, 1127 in the southern capital. Was deposed for 25 days between March 26 and April 20, 1129 by generals Miao Fu (苗傅) and Liu Zhengyan (劉正彥). Restored, was pursued by the Jurchen and was not in full control of Southern China until the late 1130s. 2. Abdicated in favor of the son of a distant cousin whom he had adopted. Granted himself the title Taishang Huang (太上皇) and continued in practice to rule through the new emperor. 3. Final version of the posthumous name given in 1191. |
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Emperor Gaozong (June 12, 1107 – November 9, 1187), born Zhao Gou, was the tenth emperor of the Song Dynasty of China, and the first emperor of the Southern Song. He reigned from 1127 to 1162. He fled south after the Jurchens overran Kaifeng in the Jingkang Incident, hence the beginning of the Southern Song dynasty 1127-1279. Gaozong re-established his seat of government in Lin'an (臨安; today's Hangzhou, 杭州).
[edit] Biography
Gaozong was the 5th son of Emperor Huizong and the younger half-brother of Emperor Qinzong. His mother was a concubine from the Wei (韋) family who later became empress dowager, and is known posthumously as Empress Xianren (顯仁皇后) (1080-1159).
During his reign, Jurchens often attacked the Southern Song empire. Initially, he used military officials such as Li Gang, Yue Fei, Han Shizhong and Yu Yunwen to hold the Jurchens at bay. However, after years of fighting and significant military success, Gaozong settled on a pacifist stance. One of the major reasons behind this was that Gaozong and the premier Qin Hui did not want the Song army to defeat the Jurchens, as this might result in Emperor Qinzong being restored to the throne. As a result, Gaozong and Qin plotted to frame Yue Fei for some ambiguous offence and had him put to death. General Han Shizhong was also dismissed from his military duties. Gaozong then signed the Treaty of Shaoxing with the Jurchens which further ceded huge amounts of territories to the Jurchens in the hope of appeasement.
Gaozong was also a notable poet, and had significant influence on other Chinese poets. Among his surviving works is "Quatrain on Heavenly Mountain" (left).
Gaozong abdicated in 1162 after reigning for more than 35 years but lived on until 1187. He was 80 when he died. His temple name means "High Ancestor".
[edit] See also
- Yue Fei
- List of Song Emperors
- Architecture of the Song Dynasty
- Culture of the Song Dynasty
- Economy of the Song Dynasty
- History of the Song Dynasty
- Society of the Song Dynasty
- Technology of the Song Dynasty
| Regnal titles | ||
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| Preceded by Emperor Qinzong |
Emperor of the Song Dynasty 1127-1162 |
Succeeded by Emperor Xiaozong |
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