Germania Inferior

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The Roman empire in the time of Hadrian (ruled 117-38 AD), showing, on the lower Rhine river, the imperial province of Germania Inferior (NW Germany/S. Netherlands, E. Belgium), and the 3 legions deployed there in 125

Province of Germania Inferior highlighted

Germania Inferior was a Roman province located on the left bank of the Rhine, in today's southern and western Netherlands, parts of Flanders, and Nordrhein-Westfalen left of the Rhine. The principal settlements of the province were Castra Vetera and Colonia Ulpia Traiana (both near Xanten), Coriovallum (Heerlen), Albaniana (Alphen aan den Rijn), Lugdunum Batavorum (Katwijk), Forum Hadriani (Voorburg), Ulpia Noviomagus Batavorum (Nijmegen), Traiectum (Utrecht), Atuatuca Tungrorum (Tongeren), Bona (Bonn), and Colonia Agrippinensis (Cologne), the capital of Germania Inferior.

The army of Germania Inferior, known from inscriptions simply as EX.GER.INF. (Exercitus Germania Inferior), had several legions at its service: of these, the Legions I Minervia and XXX Ulpia Victrix were the most permanent. The Roman Navy's Classis Germanica, charged with patrolling the Rhine and the North Sea coast, was based in Castra Vetera and later in Agrippinensis.

The first confrontations between a Roman army and the peoples of Germania Inferior occurred during Julius Caesar's Gallic Wars. Caesar invaded the region in 57 BC and in the next three years annihilated several Germanic tribes, including the Eburones and the Menapii.

Germania Inferior had Roman settlements since approximately 50 BC and was at first part of Gallia Belgica; it was established as a Roman province in the year 90, later becoming an Imperial province. It lay north of Germania Superior, together with which it made up Germania. The epithet Inferior refers to its downstream position.

[edit] See also

Conquest of Germania Inferior
Major rebellions and attacks (see Batavian rebellion for instance)
Influence of Germania Inferior on Roman politics (see Germanicus)
Final abandonment of the province

[edit] References

Jona Lendering, De randen van de aarde. De Romeinen tussen Schelde en Maas, (2000 Amsterdam)

[edit] External links

Livius.org: Germania inferior
http://www.library.ucla.edu/yrl/reference/maps/blaeu/germania-inferior-nt.htm#qvarta_branbantiae Blaeu Atlas Germania Inferior

v • d • e Roman Imperial Provinces (AD 117)

Achaea · Ægyptus · Africa · Alpes Cottiae · Alpes Maritimae · Alpes Poeninae · Arabia Petraea · Armenia · Asia · Assyria · Bithynia et Pontus · Britannia · Cappadocia · Cilicia · Corsica et Sardinia · Creta et Cyrenaica · Cyprus · Dacia · Dalmatia · Epirus · Galatia · Gallia Aquitania · Gallia Belgica · Gallia Lugdunensis · Gallia Narbonensis · Germania Inferior · Germania Superior · Hispania Baetica · Hispania Tarraconensis · Italia · Iudaea · Lusitania · Lycia et Pamphylia · Macedonia · Mauretania Caesariensis · Mauretania Tingitana · Mesopotamia · Moesia Inferior · Moesia Superior · Noricum · Pannonia Inferior · Pannonia Superior · Raetia · Sicilia · Syria · Thracia

v • d • e Late Roman Provinces
Western Empire (395–476)
Praetorian Prefecture of Gaul	Diocese of Gaul: Lugdunensis I \| Lugdunensis II \| Lugdunensis III \| Lugdunensis IV \| Belgica I \| Belgica II \| Germania I \| Germania II \| Alpes Poeninae et Graiae \| Maxima Sequanorum Diocese of Vienne (later Septem Provinciae): Viennensis \| Alpes Maritimae \| Aquitanica I \| Aquitanica II \| Novempopulana \| Narbonensis I \| Narbonensis II Diocese of Spain: Baetica \| Baleares \| Carthaginensis \| Tarraconensis \| Gallaecia \| Lusitania \| Mauretania Tingitana Diocese of Britain: Britannia I \| Britannia II \| Flavia Caesariensis \| Maxima Caesariensis \| Valentia (369)
Praetorian Prefecture of Italy	Diocese of Suburbicarian Italy: Apulia et Calabria \| Bruttia et Lucania \| Campania \| Picenum Suburbicarium \| Samnium \| Tuscania et Umbria \| Valeria \| Sicilia \| Sardinia \| Corsica Diocese of Annonarian Italy: Liguria et Aemilia \| Flaminia et Picenum Annonarium \| Venetia et Istria \| Alpes Cottiae \| Raetia I \| Raetia II Diocese of Africa^†: Africa proconsularis (Zeugitana) \| Byzacena \| Mauretania Caesariensis \| Mauretania Sitifensis \| Numidia Cirtensis \| Numidia Militiana \| Tripolitania Diocese of Pannonia (later of Illyricum): Dalmatia \| Noricum mediterraneum \| Noricum ripense \| Pannonia I \| Pannonia II \| Savia \| Valeria ripensis
Eastern Empire (395–ca. 640)
Praetorian Prefecture of Illyricum	Diocese of Dacia: Dacia mediterranea \| Dacia ripensis \| Moesia I \| Praevalitana \| Dardania Diocese of Macedonia: Achaea \| Epirus vetus \| Epirus nova \| Macedonia I \| Macedonia II Salutaris \| Thessalia \| Creta
Praetorian Prefecture of the East	Diocese of Thrace: Europa \| Thracia \| Haemimontus \| Rhodope \| Moesia II^§ \| Scythia^§ Diocese of Asia: Asia \| Hellespontus \| Pamphylia \| Caria^§ \| Lydia \| Lycia \| Lycaonia (370) \| Pisidia \| Phrygia Pacatiana \| Phrygia Salutaria \| Insulae^§ Diocese of Pontus*: Bithynia \| Galatia I \| Galatia II Salutaris* \| Paphlagonia* \| Honorias* \| Cappadocia I* \| Cappadocia II* \| Helenopontus* \| Pontus Polemoniacus* \| Armenia I* \| Armenia II* \| Armenia Maior* \| Armenian Satrapies* \| Armenia III (536) \| Armenia IV (536) Diocese of the East: Cilicia I \| Cilicia II \| Isauria \| Cyprus^§ \| Syria I \| Syria II Salutaris \| Syria Euphratensis \| Osroene \| Mesopotamia \| Phoenice \| Phoenice Libanensis \| Palaestina I \| Palaestina II \| Palaestina III Salutaris \| Arabia \| Theodorias (528) Diocese of Egypt: Ægyptus I \| Ægyptus II \| Augustamnica I \| Augustamnica II \| Arcadia Ægypti \| Thebais Superior \| Thebais Inferior \| Libya Superior \| Libya Inferior
Other territories	Taurica \| Lazica (532/562) \| Spania (552)
Notes	Provincial administration reformed by Diocletian, ca. 293. Praetorian Prefectures established after the death of Constantine I. Empire permanently partitioned after 395. Exarchates of Ravenna and Africa established after 584. After massive territorial loss due to the Muslim conquests, the remaining provinces were replaced by the Theme system after ca. 660 * affected (boundaries modified/abolished/renamed) by Justinian's administrative reorganization in 534-536 ^† re-established after reconquest by the Eastern Empire in 534, as the separate praetorian prefecture of Africa ^§ joined together into the Quaestura exercitus in 536

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Germania Inferior

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

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