List of Presidents of the Philippines

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The List of Presidents of the Philippines are heads of states governing the country. It includes politicians who were inaugurated as President of the Philippines following the ratification of a constitution that explicitly declared the existence of the Philippines.

For leaders of the Philippines prior to the arrival of the Spaniards, see Datu. For leaders prior to the ratification of the 1899 constitution, see Royal Governor of the Philippines. For leaders prior to the ratification of the 1935 constitution, see Governor-General of the Philippines.

Note that the Presidents under the Commonwealth of the Philippines were under United States sovereignty, and that of the Second Republic is considered to be a puppet government of the Japanese during World War II. Thus the Philippines had three Presidents during that war - one de facto and two de jure, and two at the same time.^[1]

The First Republic and the Second Republic are not a part of the existing Constitutional succession (begun in 1935), and as such not counted in the order of terms.

The colors indicate the political party or coalition of each President at Election Day or at the time ascendance.

The King of Spain (1565–1898) and the President of the United States (1898–1946) were the heads of state before full independence from the United States on July 4, 1946. Emilio Aguinaldo's government was unrecognized until recently, but is considered as official by the Philippine government; the puppet government of Jose P. Laurel during the Japanese occupation was considered independent by the Japanese.

Unofficial presidencies are listed separately below.

Contents 1 Legend 2 List of Presidents 2.1 Unofficial presidents 2.2 Notes 3 Statistics 4 References 5 See also

[edit] Legend

[edit] List of Presidents

#	President		Took office	Left office	Party	Prime Minister	Vice President	Term	Era
1		Emilio Aguinaldo	May 24, 1899[L 1]	April 1, 1901[L 2]	none (Magdalo faction of the Katipunan)	Apolinario Mabini	none (The 1899 Constitution did not provide for a Vice President)	-	First Dictatorship
						Pedro Paterno			First Republic
Abolished Due to the leadership of the Governors of the Philippine Islands from April 1, 1901 to November 15, 1935.
2		Manuel L. Quezon	November 15, 1935	August 1, 1944[L 3]	Nacionalista	none (The 1935 Constitution did not provide for a Prime Minister)	Sergio Osmeña	1	Commonwealth
								2
3		José P. Laurel	October 14, 1943	August 17, 1945[L 4]	KALIBAPI[L 5] (Caretaker government under Japanese occupation)	none (The 1943 Constitution did not provide for a Prime Minister)	Benigno Aquino Sr.[2] Ramon Avancena[3]	-	Second Republic
4		Sergio Osmena	August 1, 1944	May 28, 1946	Nacionalista	none (The 1935 Constitution did not provide for a Prime Minister)	vacant	2	Commonwealth (Restored)
5		Manuel Roxas	May 28, 1946	April 15, 1948[L 6]	Liberal		Elpidio Quirino	3
									Third Republic
6		Elpidio Quirino	April 17, 1948	December 30, 1953			vacant
							Fernando Lopez	4
7		Ramon Magsaysay	December 30, 1953	March 17, 1957[L 7]	Nacionalista		Carlos P. Garcia	5
8		Carlos P. Garcia	March 18, 1957	December 30, 1961			vacant
							Diosdado Macapagal	6
9		Diosdado Macapagal	December 30, 1961	December 30, 1965	Liberal		Emmanuel Pelaez	7
10		Ferdinand Marcos	December 30, 1965	February 25, 1986[L 8]	Nacionalista		Fernando Lopez	8
								9
					Kilusang Bagong Lipunan	Ferdinand Marcos	vacant	10	Second Dictatorship "The New Society"
								11	Fourth Republic
						Cesar Virata	Arturo Tolentino	12
11		Corazon Aquino	February 25, 1986[L 9]	June 30, 1992	UNIDO	Salvador Laurel	Salvador Laurel
									Fifth Republic
						none (The 1987 Constitution did not provide for a Prime Minister)
12		Fidel V. Ramos	June 30, 1992	June 30, 1998	Lakes–NUCD–UMDP		Joseph E. Estrada	13
13		Joseph Estrada	June 30, 1998	January 20, 2001[L 10]	LAMMP (Under Laban ng Makabayang Masang Pilipino coalition)		Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo	14
14		Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo	January 20, 2001	incumbent (Term ends June 30, 2010)	Lakas–CMD/KAMPI		vacant
							Teofisto Guingona
					Lakas–CMD/KAMPI (Under Koalisyon ng Katapatan at Karanasan sa Kinabukasan coalition)		Noli de Castro	15

[edit] Unofficial presidents

The following are not listed in conventional sources but are listed as presidents by other historians and other figures:

#	President		Took office	Left office	Party	Prime Minister	Vice President	Term	Era
A		Andres Bonifacio [4][5][6]	August, 1896[L 11]	March 22, 1897[L 12]	Katipunan (Magdiwang faction)	none (The Tagalog Republic did not provide for a Prime Minister)	none (The Tagalog Republic did not provide for a Vice President)	-	Tagalog Republic (Bonifacio)
B		Emilio Aguinaldo	March 22, 1897[L 13]	December 15, 1897[L 14]	Katipunan (Magdalo faction)	none (The Republic of Biak-na-Bato did not provide for a Prime Minister)	Mariano Trias	-	Tejeros Convention & Republic of Biak-na-Bato
C		Miguel Malvar [7]	April 1, 1901[L 15]	April 16, 1902[L 16]		none	none	-	First Republic
D		Macario Sakay [8]	April 16, 1902[L 17]	July 14, 1906[L 18]	Katipunan (Magdiwang faction)	none (The Tagalog Republic did not provide for a Prime Minister)	Francisco Carreón	-	Tagalog Republic (Sakay)

[edit] Notes

1. ^ Term began when Aguinaldo served as "Dictator of the Philippines".
2. ^ Term ended when Aguinaldo pledged allegiance to the United States after his capture at Palanan, Isabela.
3. ^ Died due to tuberculosis at Saranac Lake, New York.
4. ^ Term ended with his dissolving the Philippine Republic in the wake of the surrender of Japanese forces to the Americans at World War II.
5. ^ Originally a Nacionalista, but was elected by the National Assembly under Japanese control. All parties were merged under Japanese auspices to form Kalibapi, to which all officials belonged.
6. ^ Died due to a heart attack at Clark Air Base.
7. ^ Died on a plane crash at Mount Manunggal, Cebu
8. ^ Deposed in the 1986 People Power Revolution.
9. ^ Assumed presidency by claiming victory in the disputed 1986 snap election.
10. ^ Deposed after the Supreme Court declared Estrada as resigned, and the office of the presidency as vacant as a result, after the 2001 EDSA Revolution.
11. ^ Term began when Bonifacio declared the establishment of the Tagalog Republic.
12. ^ Term ended after the Tejeros Convention
13. ^ Term began after the Tejeros Convention.
14. ^ Term ended when Aguinaldo signed the Pact of Biak-na-Bato.
15. ^ Term began when Malvar assumed the presidency after the capture of Aguinaldo.
16. ^ Term ended when Malvar surrendered in Batangas.
17. ^ Term began after the surrender of Malvar.
18. ^ Term ended when Sakay surrendered as part of an amnesty; he was executed a year later.

[edit] Statistics

• Vice Presidents who succeeded to the Presidency
  1. Sergio Osmeña (1944)
  2. Elpidio Quirino (1948)
  3. Carlos P. Garcia (1957)
  4. Diosdado Macapagal (1961)
  5. Joseph E. Estrada (1998)
  6. Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo (2001)

• Presidents who have been re-elected
  1. Manuel L. Quezon (1941)
  2. Ferdinand Marcos (1969, 1981, 1986)

• Presidents who were elected when serving the remaining term of predecessor
  1. Elpidio Quirino (1949)
  2. Carlos P. Garcia (1957)
  3. Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo (2001)

• Longest serving President: Ferdinand Marcos, 7,362 days
• Shortest serving President: Sergio Osmeña, 479 days (if included Andrés Bonifacio, just over 252 days)

[edit] References

• Office of the (Philippine) President
• The Philippine Presidency Project

[edit] See also

• Vice President of the Philippines
• List of Vice Presidents of the Philippines
• Prime Minister of the Philippines (presently defunct)
• Seal of the President of the Philippines
• Miguel Malvar as the second Philippine President
• Philippine Heads of State Timeline at www.worldstatesmen.org

v • d • e President of the Philippines Andres Bonifacio · Emilio Aguinaldo · Miguel Malvar · Macario Sakay · José P. Laurel · Manuel L. Quezon · Sergio Osmeña · Manuel Roxas · Elpidio Quirino · Ramon Magsaysay · Carlos P. Garcia · Diosdado Macapagal · Ferdinand E. Marcos · Corazon C. Aquino · Fidel V. Ramos · Joseph Ejercito Estrada · Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo

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