List of state leaders in 1991
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
1990 state leaders - Events of 1991 - 1992 state leaders - State leaders by year
Contents |
[edit] Africa
- Algeria -
- President - Chadli Bendjedid, President of Algeria (1979-1992)
- Prime Minister -
- Angola -
- President - José Eduardo dos Santos, President of Angola (1979-present)
- Prime Minister - Fernando José de França Dias Van-Dúnem, Prime Minister of Angola (1991-1992)
- Benin -
- President -
- Botswana -
- President - Sir Quett Masire, President of Botswana (1980-1998)
- Burkina Faso -
- President - Blaise Compaoré, President of Burkina Faso (1987-present)
- Burundi -
- President - Pierre Buyoya, President of Burundi (1987-1993)
- Prime Minister - Adrien Sibomana, Prime Minister of Burundi (1988-1993)
- Cameroon -
- President - Paul Biya, President of Cameroon (1982-present)
- Prime Minister - Sadou Hayatou, Prime Minister of Cameroon (1991-1992)
- Cape Verde -
- President -
- Prime Minister -
- Central African Republic -
- President - André Kolingba, President of the Central African Republic (1981-1993)
- Prime Minister - Édouard Frank, Prime Minister of the Central African Republic (1991-1992)
- Chad -
- President - Idriss Déby, President of Chad (1990-present)
- Prime Minister - Jean Alingué Bawoyeu, Prime Minister of Chad (1991-1992)
- Comoros -
- President - Said Mohamed Djohar, President of Comoros (1989-1995)
- Congo -
- President - Denis Sassou Nguesso, President of Congo (1979-1992)
- Prime Minister -
- Côte d'Ivoire -
- President - Félix Houphouët-Boigny, President of Côte d'Ivoire (1960-1993)
- Prime Minister - Alassane Ouattara, Prime Minister of Côte d'Ivoire (1990-1993)
- Djibouti -
- President - Hassan Gouled Aptidon, President of Djibouti (1977-1999)
- Prime Minister - Barkat Gourad Hamadou, Prime Minister of Djibouti (1978-2001)
- Equatorial Guinea -
- President - Teodoro Obiang Nguema Mbasogo, President of Equatorial Guinea (1979-present)
- Prime Minister - Cristino Seriche Bioko, Prime Minister of Equatorial Guinea (1982-1992)
- Ethiopia
- the People's Democratic Republic of Ethiopia changed name to Ethiopia on 27 May 1991
- President -
- Prime Minister -
- Eritrea (secessionist state)
- Secretary-general of the Provisional Government - Isaias Afewerki, President of Eritrea (1991–present)
- Gabon -
- President - Omar Bongo, President of Gabon (1967-2009)
- Prime Minister - Casimir Oyé-Mba, Prime Minister of Gabon (1990-1994)
- The Gambia -
- President - Sir Dawda Jawara, President of The Gambia (1970-1994)
- Ghana
- President - Jerry Rawlings, President of Ghana (1981–2001)
- Guinea -
- President - Lansana Conté, President of Guinea (1984-2008)
- Guinea-Bissau -
- President - João Bernardo Vieira, President of Guinea-Bissau (1984-1999)
- Prime Minister - Carlos Correia, Prime Minister of Guinea-Bissau (1991-1994)
- Kenya -
- President - Daniel arap Moi, President of Kenya (1978-2002)
- Lesotho -
- Monarch - Letsie III, King of Lesotho (1990-1995)
- Prime Minister -
- Liberia -
- President - Amos Sawyer, President of the Interim Government of National Unity (1990-1994)
- Libya -
- De facto Head of State - Muammar al-Gaddafi, Guide of the Revolution of Libya (1969–present)
- Nominal Head of State - Abdul Razzaq as-Sawsa, General Secretary of the General People's Congress of Libya (1990–1992)
- Head of Government - Abuzed Omar Dorda, General Secretary of the General People's Committee of Libya (1990-1994)
- Madagascar -
- President - Didier Ratsiraka, President of Madagascar (1975-1993)
- Prime Minister -
- Malawi -
- President - Hastings Banda, President for Life of Malawi (1966-1994)
- Mali -
- President -
- Prime Minister - Soumana Sacko, Prime Minister of Mali (1991-1992)
- Mauritania -
- President - Maaouya Ould Sid'Ahmed Taya, President of Mauritania (1984-2005)
- Prime Minister - Maaouya Ould Sid'Ahmed Taya, Prime Minister of Mauritania (1984-1992)
- Mauritius -
- Monarch - Elizabeth II, Queen of Mauritius (1968-1992)
- Governor-General - Sir Veerasamy Ringadoo, Governor General of Mauritius (1986-1992)
- Prime Minister - Sir Anerood Jugnauth, Prime Minister of Mauritius (1982-1995)
- Mayotte (Territorial collectivity of France)
- Prefect - Jean-Paul Coste, Prefect of Mayotte (1990-1993)
- President of the General Council -
- Morocco -
- Monarch - Hassan II, King of Morocco (1961–1999)
- Prime Minister - Azzeddine Laraki, Prime Minister of Morocco (1986–1992)
- Western Sahara (Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic) (self-declared, partially recognized state)
- President - Mohamed Abdelaziz, President of the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic (1976–present)
- Prime Minister - Mahfoud Ali Beiba, Prime Minister of the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic (1988–1993)
- Mozambique -
- President - Joaquim Chissano, President of Mozambique (1986–2005)
- Prime Minister - Mário da Graça Machungo, Prime Minister of Mozambique (1986–1994)
- Namibia -
- President - Sam Nujoma, President of Namibia (1990-2005)
- Prime Minister - Hage Geingob, Prime Minister of Namibia (1990-2002)
- Niger -
- President - Ali Saïbou, President of Niger (1987–1993)
- Prime Minister -
- Nigeria -
- Rwanda -
- President - Juvénal Habyarimana, President of Rwanda (1973-1994)
- Prime Minister - Sylvestre Nsanzimana, Prime Minister of Rwanda (1991-1992)
- Saint Helena (British overseas territory)
- Governor -
- São Tomé and Príncipe -
- President -
- Prime Minister -
- Senegal -
- President - Abdou Diouf, President of Senegal (1981-2000)
- Prime Minister - Habib Thiam, Prime Minister of Senegal (1991-1998)
- Seychelles -
- President - France-Albert René, President of Seychelles (1977-2004)
- Sierra Leone -
- President - Joseph Saidu Momoh, President of Sierra Leone (1985–1992)
- Somalia -
- President -
- Prime Minister -
- South Africa -
- President - Frederik Willem de Klerk, State President of South Africa (1989-1994)
- Sudan -
- President - Omar al-Bashir, President of Sudan (1989–present)
- Swaziland -
- Monarch - Mswati III, King of Swaziland (1986-present)
- Prime Minister - Obed Dlamini, Prime Minister of Swaziland (1989-1993)
- Tanzania -
- President - Ali Hassan Mwinyi, President of Tanzania (1985-1995)
- Prime Minister - John Malecela, Prime Minister of Tanzania (1990-1994)
- Zanzibar (semi-autonomous region)
- President - Salmin Amour, President of Zanzibar (1990-2000)
- Chief Minister - Omar Ali Juma, Chief Minister of Zanzibar (1988-1995)
- Togo -
- President - Gnassingbé Eyadéma, President of Togo (1967-2005)
- Prime Minister - Joseph Kokou Koffigoh, Prime Minister of Togo (1991-1994)
- Tunisia -
- President - Zine El Abidine Ben Ali, President of Tunisia (1987–present)
- Prime Minister - Hamed Karoui, Prime Minister of Tunisia (1989–1999)
- Uganda -
- President - Yoweri Museveni, President of Uganda (1986-present)
- Prime Minister -
- Zaire -
- President - Mobutu Sese Seko, President of Zaire (1965-1997)
- Prime Minister -
- Lunda Bululu, First State Commissioner of Zaire (1990-1991)
- Mulumba Lukoji, First State Commissioner of Zaire (1991)
- Étienne Tshisekedi, First State Commissioner of Zaire (1991)
- Bernardin Mungul Diaka, First State Commissioner of Zaire (1991)
- Jean Nguza Karl-i-Bond, First State Commissioner of Zaire (1991-1992)
- Zambia -
- President -
- Prime Minister - Malimba Masheke, Prime Minister of Zambia (1989-1991)
- Zimbabwe -
- President - Robert Mugabe, President of Zimbabwe (1987-present)
[edit] Asia
- Afghanistan -
- President - Mohammad Najibullah, President of Afghanistan (1987-1992)
- Prime Minister - Fazal Haq Khaliqyar, Prime Minister of Afghanistan (1990-1992)
- Bangladesh -
- President -
- Prime Minister - Khaleda Zia, Prime Minister of Bangladesh (1991–1996)
- Bhutan -
- Monarch - Jigme Singye Wangchuck, King of Bhutan (1972-2006)
- Brunei
- Monarch - Hassanal Bolkiah, Sultan of Brunei (1967–present)[1]
- Prime Minister - Hassanal Bolkiah, Prime Minister of Brunei (1984–present)
- China (People's Republic of China) -
- Communist Party Leader- Jiang Zemin, General Secretary of the Communist Party of China (1989-2002)
- President - Yang Shangkun, President of the People's Republic of China (1988-1993)
- Premier - Li Peng, Premier of the People's Republic of China (1987-1998)
- Hong Kong (British dependent territory)
- Governor - Sir David Wilson, Governor of Hong Kong (1987–1992)
- India -
- President - R. Venkataraman, President of India (1987-1992)
- Prime Minister -
- Indonesia -
- President - Suharto, President of Indonesia (1967–1998)
- Japan -
- Monarch - Akihito, Emperor of Japan (1989-present)
- Prime Minister -
- Kampuchea -
- Communist Party Leader - Heng Samrin, Secretary-General of the Kampuchean People's Revolutionary Party (1981-1991)
- Chairman of the Council of State - Heng Samrin, Chairman of the Council of State of Kampuchea (1979-1992)
- Chairman of the Supreme National Council - Norodom Sihanouk, Chairman of the Supreme National Council of Kampuchea (1991-1993)
- Prime Minister - Hun Sen, Prime Minister of Kampuchea (1985–present)
- Kazakhstan -
- the Kazakh Soviet Socialist Republic declared independence on 16 December 1991
- President - Nursultan Nazarbayev, President of Kazakhstan (1990–present)
- Prime Minister -
- North Korea -
- Communist Party leader - Kim Il-sung, General Secretary of the Korean Workers' Party (1948-1994)
- President - Kim Il-sung, President of North Korea (1972-1994)
- Premier - Yon Hyong Muk, Premier of North Korea (1988-1992)
- South Korea -
- President - Roh Tae-woo, President of South Korea (1988-1993)
- Prime Minister -
- Kyrgyzstan -
- the Kirghiz Soviet Socialist Republic declared independence on 31 August 1991
- President - Askar Akayev, President of Kyrgyzstan (1990–2005)
- Prime Minister -
- Laos -
- Communist Party Leader - Kaysone Phomvihane, General Secretary of the Lao People's Revolutionary Party (1975-1992)
- President -
- Premier -
- Macau (overseas province of Portugal)
- Malaysia -
- Monarch - Sultan Azlan Shah, Yang di-Pertuan Agong of Malaysia (1989-1994)
- Prime Minister - Mahathir bin Mohamad, Prime Minister of Malaysia (1981-2003)
- Maldives -
- President - Maumoon Abdul Gayoom, President of the Maldives (1978–2008)
- Mongolia -
- President - Punsalmaagiin Ochirbat, President of Mongolia (1990-1997)
- Prime Minister - Dashiin Byambasüren, Prime Minister of Mongolia (1990-1992)
- Myanmar -
- Head of State - Saw Maung, Chairman of the State Law and Order Restoration Council (1988–1992)
- Prime Minister - Saw Maung, Prime Minister of Myanmar (1988-1992)
- Nepal -
- Monarch - Birendra, King of Nepal (1972-2001)
- Prime Minister -
- Pakistan -
- President - Ghulam Ishaq Khan, President of Pakistan (1988-1993)
- Prime Minister - Nawaz Sharif, Prime Minister of Pakistan (1990-1993)
- Philippines -
- Singapore -
- President - Wee Kim Wee, President of Singapore (1985-1993)
- Prime Minister - Goh Chok Tong, Prime Minister of Singapore (1990-2004)
- Sri Lanka -
- President - Ranasinghe Premadasa, President of Sri Lanka (1989-1993)
- Prime Minister - Dingiri Banda Wijetunga, Prime Minister of Sri Lanka (1989-1993)
- Taiwan (Republic of China) -
- President - Lee Teng-hui, President of the Republic of China (1988-2000)
- Premier - Hau Pei-tsun, President of the Executive Yuan of the Republic of China (1990-1993)
- Tajikistan -
- the Tajik Soviet Socialist Republic declared independence on 9 September 1991
- President -
- Prime Minister - Izatullo Khayoyev, Prime Minister of Tajikistan (1991-1992)
- Gorno-Badakhshan (autonomous province)
- Chairman of the Administration - Akbarsho Iskandarov, Chairman of the Supreme Council (1990-1993)
- Thailand -
- Monarch - Bhumibol Adulyadej, King of Thailand (1946–present)
- Prime Minister -
- Turkmenistan
- the Turkmen Soviet Socialist Republic declared independence on 27 October 1991
- President - Saparmurat Niyazov, President of Turkmenistan (1990–2006)
- Prime Minister - Han Ahmedow, Chairman of the Council of Ministers of Turkmenistan (1989–1992)
- Uzbekistan
- the Uzbek Soviet Socialist Republic declared independence on 31 August 1991
- President - Islom Karimov, President of Uzbekistan (1990–present)
- Karakalpakstan (autonomous republic)
- President - Dauletbay Shamshetov, President of Karakalpakstan (1991-1992)
- Prime Minister - Amin Tojiyev, Prime Minister of Karakalpakstan (1989-1992)
- Vietnam -
- Communist Party Leader -
- President - Võ Chí Công, Chairman of the State Council of Vietnam (1987-1992)
- Prime Minister -
[edit] Australia and Oceania
- American Samoa (unorganized, unincorporated territory of the United States)
- Governor - Peter Tali Coleman, Governor of American Samoa (1989-1993)
- Australia -
- Monarch - Elizabeth II, Queen of Australia (1952-present)
- Governor-General - Bill Hayden, Governor-General of Australia (1989-1996)
- Prime Minister -
- Norfolk Island (self-governing territory of Australia)
- Administrator - Herbert Bruce MacDonald, Administrator of Norfolk Island (1989-1992)
- Head of Government - David Buffett, President of the Legislative Assembly of Norfolk Island (1989-1992)
- Fiji -
- President - Ratu Sir Penaia Ganilau, President of Fiji (1987-1993)
- Prime Minister - Ratu Sir Kamisese Mara, Prime Minister of Fiji (1987-1992)
- French Polynesia (French overseas territory)
- High Commissioner - Jean Montpezat, High Commissioner of the Republic in French Polynesia (1987-1992)
- President of the Government -
- Guam (Insular area of the United States)
- Governor - Joseph Franklin Ada, Governor of Guam (1987-1995)
- Kiribati -
- President -
- Marshall Islands -
- President - Amata Kabua, President of the Marshall Islands (1979–1996)[2]
- Federated States of Micronesia -
- Nauru -
- President - Bernard Dowiyogo, President of Nauru (1989-1995)
- New Caledonia (French overseas territory)
- High Commissioner -
- New Zealand -
- Monarch - Elizabeth II, Queen of New Zealand (1952-present)
- Governor-General - Dame Catherine Tizard, Governor-General of New Zealand (1990-1996)
- Prime Minister - Jim Bolger, Prime Minister of New Zealand, (1990-1997)
- Cook Islands (Associated state of New Zealand)
- New Zealand Representative - Tim Caughley, New Zealand Representative in the Cook Islands (1990-1994)
- Queen's Representative - Apenera Short, Queen's Representative on the Cook Islands (1990-2000)
- Prime Minister - Geoffrey Henry, Prime Minister of the Cook Islands (1989-1999)
- Niue (associated state of New Zealand)
- New Zealand Representative -
- John Springford, New Zealand Representative in Niue (1984-1991)
- Kurt Meyer, New Zealand Representative in Niue (1991-1994)
- Prime Minister - Sir Robert Rex, Premier of Niue (1974-1992)
- New Zealand Representative -
- Tokelau (territory of New Zealand)
- Administrator - Graham Keith Ansell, Administrator of Tokelau (1990–1992)
- Northern Mariana Islands (Commonwealth of the U.S.)
- Palau (United Nations Trust Territory administered by the USA)
- President - Ngiratkel Etpison, President of Palau (1989-1993)
- Papua New Guinea
- Monarch - Elizabeth II, Queen of Papua New Guinea (1975–present)
- Governor-General -
- Prime Minister - Rabbie Namaliu, Prime Minister of Papua New Guinea (1988-1992)
- Pitcairn Islands (British dependent territory)
- Governor - David Moss, Governor of the Pitcairn Islands (1990-1994)
- Mayor -
- Solomon Islands -
- Monarch - Elizabeth II, Queen of the Solomon Islands (1978–present)
- Governor-General - Sir George Lepping, Governor-General of the Solomon Islands (1988–1994)
- Prime Minister - Solomon Mamaloni, Prime Minister of the Solomon Islands (1989–1993)
- Tonga -
- Monarch - Taufa'ahau Tupou IV, King of Tonga (1965–2006)[3]
- Prime Minister -
- Tuvalu -
- Monarch - Elizabeth II, Queen of Tuvalu (1978-present)
- Governor-General - Sir Toaripi Lauti, Governor General of Tuvalu (1990-1993)
- Prime Minister - Bikenibeu Paeniu, Prime Minister of Tuvalu (1989-1993)
- Vanuatu -
- President - Frederick Karlomuana Timakata, President of Vanuatu (1989–1994)
- Prime Minister -
- Wallis and Futuna (French overseas territory)
- Administrator-Superior - Robert Pommies, Administrator-Superior of Wallis and Futuna (1990-1993)
- President of the Territorial Assembly - Clovis Logologofolau, President of the Territorial Assembly of Wallis and Futuna (1990-1992)
- Western Samoa
- Head of State - Malietoa Tanumafili II, O le Ao o le Malo of Western Samoa (1962–2007)
- Prime Minister - Tofilau Eti Alesana, Prime Minister of Western Samoa (1988-1998)
[edit] Europe
- Albania
- the Socialist People's Republic of Albania changed name to Republic of Albania on 30 April 1991
- Communist Party leader - Ramiz Alia, First Secretary of the Albanian Party of Labour (1985-1991)
- President - Ramiz Alia, Chairman of the Presidium of the People's Assembly of Albania[6] (1982-1992)
- Prime Minister -
- Andorra -
- Co-Princes -
- French Co-Prince - François Mitterrand, French Co-Prince of Andorra (1981-1995)
- Personal representative - Jean-Pierre Courtois (1990-1993)
- Episcopal Co-Prince - Joan Martí Alanis, Episcopal Co-Prince of Andorra (1971-2003)
- Personal representative - Francesc Badia (1972-1993)
- French Co-Prince - François Mitterrand, French Co-Prince of Andorra (1981-1995)
- Head of the Government - Òscar Ribas Reig, Head of Government of Andorra (1990-1994)
- First Syndic -
- Co-Princes -
- Armenia -
- the Armenian Soviet Socialist Republic declared independence on 23 September 1991
- President - Levon Ter-Petrossian, President of Armenia[7] (1990–1998)
- Prime Minister -
- Austria -
- President - Kurt Waldheim, President of Austria (1986–1992)
- Chancellor - Franz Vranitzky, Chancellor of Austria (1986–1997)
- Azerbaijan -
- the Azerbaijan Soviet Socialist Republic declared independence on 30 August 1991
- President - Ayaz Mütallibov, President of Azerbaijan (1990-1992)
- Prime Minister - Hasan Hasanov, Prime Minister of Azerbaijan (1990-1992)
- Nakhichevan (autonomous republic)
- Chairman of the Parliament - Heydar Aliyev, Chairman of the Parliament of Nakhichevan (1991-1993)
- Chairman of the Council of Ministers - Bedzhan Farziliyev, Chairman of the Council of Ministers of Nakhichevan (1991-1993)
- Belarus -
- the Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic declared independence on 25 August 1991
- President -
- Prime Minister - Vyacheslav Kebich, Chairman of the Council of Ministers of Belarus (1990-1994)
- Belgium -
- Monarch - Baudouin I, King of the Belgians (1951-1993)
- Prime Minister - Wilfried Martens, Prime Minister of Belgium (1981-1992)
- Bulgaria -
- President - Zhelyu Zhelev, President of Bulgaria (1990-1997)
- Prime Minister -
- Croatia -
- declared independence on 25 June 1991
- President - Franjo Tuđman, President of Croatia (1990-1999)
- Prime Minister -
- Cyprus -
- President - George Vasiliou, President of Cyprus (1988-1993)
- Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus (unrecognized, secessionist state)
- President - Rauf Denktaş, President of the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus (1975-2005)
- Prime Minister - Derviş Eroğlu, Prime Minister of the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus (1985-1994)
- Czech and Slovak Federal Republic -
- President - Václav Havel, President of the Czech and Slovak Federal Republic (1989–1992)
- Prime Minister - Marián Čalfa, Prime Minister of the Czech and Slovak Federal Republic (1989–1992)
- Czech Republic (constituent republic)
- Prime Minister - Petr Pithart, Prime Minister of the Czech Republic (1990-1992)
- Slovak Republic (constituent republic)
- Prime Minister -
- Denmark -
- Monarch - Margrethe II, Queen of Denmark (1972-present)
- Prime Minister - Poul Schlüter, Prime Minister of Denmark (1982-1993)
- Faroe Islands (autonomous region of the Kingdom of Denmark)
- Prime Minister -
- Greenland (autonomous region of the Kingdom of Denmark)
- Prime Minister -
- Estonia
- Estonia regained its independence by the Republic of Estonia (the name that had been changed from the Estonian Soviet Socialist Republic in 1990) re-declaring independence on 20 August which was recognized by the Soviet Union on 6 September 1991
- Prime Minister - Edgar Savisaar, Prime Minister of the Interim Government of Estonia (1990-1992)
- Finland -
- President - Mauno Koivisto, President of Finland, (1982-1994)
- Prime Minister -
- Åland (autonomous province)
- Governor - Henrik Gustavsson, Governor of Åland (1982-1999)
- Premier -
- France -
- President - François Mitterrand, President of France (1981-1995)
- Prime Minister -
- Georgia -
- the Georgian Soviet Socialist Republic declared independence on 9 April 1991
- President - Zviad Gamsakhurdia, President of Georgia (1990–1992)
- Prime Minister -
- Adjara (autonomous republic)
- Chairman of the Supreme Council - Aslan Abashidze, Chairman of the Supreme Council of the Autonomous Republic of Ajaria (1991-2004)
- Abkhazia (autonomous republic)
- Chairman of Parliament - Vladislav Ardzinba, Chairman of the Parliament of Abkhazia (1990–2005)
- South Ossetia (unrecognized secessionist state)
- declared independence on 28 November 1991
- Chairman of Parliament -
- Prime Minister - Oleg Tziyev, Prime Minister of South Ossetia (1991-1993)
- Germany -
- President - Richard von Weizsäcker, President of Germany (1984-1994)
- Chancellor - Helmut Kohl, Chancellor of Germany (1982-1998)
- Greece -
- President - Constantine Karamanlis, President of Greece (1990-1995)
- Prime Minister - Constantine Mitsotakis, Prime Minister of Greece (1990-1993)
- Mount Athos (autonomous monastic state)
- Spiritual Leader -
- Hungary -
- President - Árpád Göncz, President of Hungary (1990-2000)
- Prime Minister - József Antall, Prime Minister of Hungary (1990-1993)
- Iceland -
- President - Vigdís Finnbogadóttir, President of Iceland (1980-1996)
- Prime Minister -
- Ireland -
- President - Mary Robinson, President of Ireland (1990-1997)
- Prime Minister - Charles Haughey, Taoiseach of Ireland (1987-1992)
- Italy -
- President - Francesco Cossiga, President of Italy (1985-1992)
- Prime Minister - Giulio Andreotti, President of the Council of Ministers of Italy (1989-1992)
- Latvia -
- the Latvian Soviet Socialist Republic declared independence on 21 August which was recognized by the Soviet Union on 6 September 1991
- President - Anatolijs Gorbunovs, Chairman of the Supreme Council of Latvia (1988-1993)
- Prime Minister - Ivars Godmanis, Prime Minister of Latvia (1990-1993)
- Liechtenstein -
- Monarch - Hans-Adam II, Prince of Liechtenstein (1989-present)
- Head of Government - Hans Brunhart, Head of Government of Liechtenstein (1978-1993)
- Lithuania -
- the Lithuanian Soviet Socialist Republic's independence, declared on 11 March 1990, was recognized by the Soviet Union on 6 September 1991
- President - Vytautas Landsbergis, Chairman of the Supreme Council of Lithuania (1990-1992)
- Prime Minister -
- Luxembourg -
- Monarch - Jean, Grand Duke of Luxembourg (1964-2000)
- Prime Minister - Jacques Santer, Prime Minister of Luxembourg (1984-1995)
- Macedonia -
- the Socialist Republic of Macedonia declared independence on 18 September 1991
- President -
- Prime Minister -
- Malta -
- President - Ċensu Tabone, President of Malta (1989-1994)
- Prime Minister - Eddie Fenech Adami, Prime Minister of Malta (1987-1996)
- Moldova -
- the Moldavian Soviet Socialist Republic declared independence on 27 August 1991
- President - Mircea Snegur, President of Moldova (1989-1997)
- Prime Minister -
- Gagauzia (unrecognized secessionist state)
- President - Stepan Topal, President of Gagauzia (1990-1995)
- Transnistria (unrecognized secessionist state)
- President - Igor Smirnov, President of Transnistria (1990–present)
- Monaco -
- Monarch - Rainier III, Prince of Monaco (1949-2005)
- Head of Government -
- The Netherlands -
- Monarch - Beatrix, Queen of the Netherlands (1980-present)
- Prime Minister - Ruud Lubbers, Prime Minister of the Netherlands (1982-1994)
- Norway -
- Monarch -
- Olav V, King of Norway (1957-1991)
- Harald V, King of Norway (1991-present)
- Prime Minister - Gro Harlem Brundtland, Prime Minister of Norway (1990-1996)
- Monarch -
- Poland -
- President - Lech Wałęsa, President of Poland (1990-1995)
- Prime Minister -
- Portugal -
- President - Mário Soares, President of Portugal (1986-1996)
- Prime Minister - Aníbal Cavaco Silva, Prime Minister of Portugal (1985-1995)
- Azores (autonomous region)
- President of the Government - João Bosco Soares Mota Amaral, President of the Autonomous Regional Government of the Azores (1976-1995)
- Madeira (autonomous region)
- President of the Government - Alberto João Jardim, President of the Regional Government of Madeira (1978–present)
- Romania -
- President - Ion Iliescu, President of Romania (1989-1996)
- Prime Minister -
- Russia -
- the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic became independent upon the dissolution of the Soviet Union on 25 December 1991
- President - Boris Yeltsin, President of Russia (1990-1999)
- Prime Minister -
- San Marino -
- Captains Regent -
- Slovenia -
- declared independence on 25 June 1991
- President - Milan Kučan, President of Slovenia (1990-2002)
- Prime Minister - Lojze Peterle, Prime Minister of Slovenia (1990-1992)
- Soviet Union -
- dissolved on 25 December 1991
- Communist Party leader -
- President - Mikhail Gorbachev, President of the Soviet Union (1988-1991)
- Prime Minister -
- Spain -
- Monarch - Juan Carlos I, King of Spain (1975–present)
- Prime Minister - Felipe González, President of the Government of Spain (1982–1996)
- Sweden -
- Monarch - Carl XVI Gustaf, King of Sweden (1973-present)
- Prime Minister -
- Switzerland -
- Turkey -
- President - Turgut Özal, President of Turkey (1989-1993)
- Prime Minister -
- Ukraine -
- the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic declared independence on 24 August 1991
- President - Leonid Kravchuk, President of Ukraine (1990-1994)
- Prime Minister - Vitold Fokin, Prime Minister of Ukraine (1990-1992)
- Crimea (autonomous republic)
- Chairman of the Parliament - Mykola Bahrov, Chairman of the Parliament of the Crimean Republic (1991-1994)
- United Kingdom -
- Monarch - Elizabeth II, Queen of the United Kingdom (1952-present)
- Prime Minister - John Major, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (1990-1997)
- Guernsey (British Crown dependency)
- Monarch - Elizabeth II, Duke of Normandy (1952–present)
- Lieutenant-Governor - Sir Michael Wilkins, Lieutenant-Governor of Guernsey (1990–1994)
- Bailiff - Sir Charles Frossard, Bailiff of Guernsey (1982-1992)
- Alderney (self-governing island)
- Head of Government - Jon Kay-Mouat, President of the States of Alderney (1977-1994)
- Sark (self-governing island)
- Seigneur - John Michael Beaumont, Seigneur of Sark (1974–present)
- Jersey (British Crown dependency)
- Monarch - Elizabeth II, Duke of Normandy (1952–present)
- Lieutenant-Governor - Sir John Sutton, Lieutenant-Governor of Jersey (1990-1995)
- Bailiff - Sir Peter Crill, Bailiff of Jersey (1986-1995)
- Isle of Man (British Crown dependency)
- Monarch - Elizabeth II, Lord of Mann (1952–present)
- Lieutenant-Governor - Sir Laurence Jones, Lieutenant-Governor of Man (1990-1995)
- Chief minister - Miles Walker, Chief Minister of the Isle of Man (1986-1996)
- Gibraltar (British dependent territory)
- Governor - Sir Derek Reffell, Governor of Gibraltar (1989-1993)
- Chief Minister - Joe Bossano, Chief Minister of Gibraltar (1988-1996)
- Vatican City -
- Pope - John Paul II, Sovereign of the State of the Vatican City (1978-2005)
- Secretary of State - Angelo Sodano, Cardinal Secretary of State (1990-2006)
- President of the Governorate - Rosalio José Castillo Lara, President of the Governorate of Vatican City State (1990-1997)
- Yugoslavia -
- President -
- Premier -
[edit] Middle East
- Bahrain -
- Monarch - Isa ibn Salman Al Khalifah, Emir of Bahrain (1961–1999)[8]
- Prime Minister - Khalifah ibn Sulman Al Khalifah, Prime Minister of Bahrain (1970–present)[9]
- Egypt -
- President - Hosni Mubarak, President of Egypt (1981–present)
- Prime Minister - Atef Sedki, Prime Minister of Egypt (1986-1996)
- Iran -
- Supreme Leader - Ali Khamenei, Supreme Leader of Iran (1989–present)
- President - Akbar Hashemi Rafsanjani, President of Iran (1989-1997)
- Iraq -
- President - Saddam Hussein, President of Iraq (1979-2003)
- Prime Minister -
- Israel -
- President - Haim Herzog, President of Israel (1983-1993)
- Prime Minister - Yitzhak Shamir, Prime Minister of Israel (1986-1992)
- Jordan -
- Monarch - Hussein, King of Jordan (1952-1999)
- Prime Minister -
- Kuwait -
- Monarch - Jaber Al-Ahmad Al-Jaber Al-Sabah, Emir of Kuwait (1977-2006)
- Prime Minister - Saad Al-Abdullah Al-Salim Al-Sabah, Prime Minister of Kuwait (1978-2003)
- Lebanon -
- President - Elias Hrawi, President of Lebanon (1989–1998)
- Prime Minister - Omar Karami, Prime Minister of Lebanon (1990-1992)
- Oman -
- Monarch - Qaboos Bin Said, Sultan of Oman (1970–present)
- Prime Minister - Qaboos Bin Said, Prime Minister of Oman (1972–present)
- Qatar -
- Monarch - Khalifa bin Hamad Al Thani, Emir of Qatar (1972–1995)
- Prime Minister - Khalifa bin Hamad Al Thani, Prime Minister of Qatar (1970–1995)[10]
- Saudi Arabia
- Monarch - Fahd, King of Saudi Arabia (1982-2005)
- Prime Minister - Fahd, Prime Minister of Saudi Arabia (1982-2005)
- Syria -
- President - Hafez al-Assad, President of Syria (1971-2000)
- Prime Minister - Mahmoud Zuabi, Prime Minister of Syria (1987-2000)
- United Arab Emirates -
- President - Zayed bin Sultan Al Nahyan, President of the United Arab Emirates (1971-2004)
- Prime Minister - Maktoum bin Rashid Al Maktoum, Prime Minister of the United Arab Emirates (1990-2006)
- Yemen -
- President - Ali Abdullah Saleh, President of Yemen (1990–present)[11]
- Prime Minister - Haidar Abu Bakr al-Attas, Prime Minister of Yemen (1990-1994)
[edit] North America
- Anguilla (British dependent territory)
- Governor - Brian G.J. Canty, Governor of Anguilla (1989-1992)
- Chief Minister - Emile Gumbs, Chief Minister of Anguilla (1984-1994)
- Antigua and Barbuda -
- Monarch - Elizabeth II, Queen of Antigua and Barbuda (1981–present)
- Governor-General - Sir Wilfred Jacobs, Governor-General of Antigua and Barbuda (1967–1993)[12]
- Prime Minister - Vere Bird, Prime Minister of Antigua and Barbuda (1976–1994)[13]
- Aruba (constituent country of the Kingdom of the Netherlands)
- Governor - Felipe Tromp, Governor of Aruba (1986–1992)
- Prime Minister - Nelson Oduber, Prime Minister of Aruba (1989–1994)
- The Bahamas -
- Monarch - Elizabeth II, Queen of the Bahamas (1973–present)
- Governor-General - Sir Henry Taylor, Governor-General of the Bahamas (1988–1992)
- Prime Minister - Sir Lynden Pindling, Prime Minister of the Bahamas (1967–1992)[14]
- Barbados -
- Monarch - Elizabeth II, Queen of Barbados (1966–present)
- Governor-General - Dame Nita Barrow, Governor-General of Barbados (1990–1995)
- Prime Minister - Lloyd Erskine Sandiford, Prime Minister of Barbados (1987–1994)
- Belize -
- Monarch - Elizabeth II, Queen of Belize (1981–present)
- Governor-General - Dame Minita Gordon, Governor-General of Belize (1981–1993)
- Prime Minister - George Cadle Price, Prime Minister of Belize (1989–1993)
- Bermuda (British dependent territory)
- Governor - Sir Desmond Langley, Governor of Bermuda (1988-1992)
- Premier - Sir John Swan, Premier of Bermuda (1982-1995)
- British Virgin Islands (British dependent territory)
- Canada -
- Monarch - Elizabeth II, Queen of Canada (1952-present)
- Governor-General - Ray Hnatyshyn, Governor-General of Canada (1989-1995)
- Prime Minister - Brian Mulroney, Prime Minister of Canada (1984-1993)
- Cayman Islands (British dependent territory)
- Governor - Alan James Scott, Governor of the Cayman Islands (1987-1992)
- Costa Rica -
- President - Rafael Ángel Calderón Fournier, President of Costa Rica (1990–1994)
- Cuba
- Communist Party Leader - Fidel Castro, First secretary of the Communist Party of Cuba (1965-present)
- President - Fidel Castro, President of the Council of State of Cuba (1976–2008)
- Premier - Fidel Castro, President of the Council of Ministers of Cuba (1959–2008)
- Dominica -
- President - Sir Clarence Seignoret, President of Dominica (1983–1993)
- Prime Minister - Eugenia Charles, Prime Minister of Dominica (1980–1995)
- Dominican Republic -
- President - Joaquín Balaguer, President of the Dominican Republic (1986–1996)
- El Salvador -
- President - Alfredo Cristiani, President of El Salvador (1989-1994)
- Grenada -
- Monarch - Elizabeth II, Queen of Grenada (1974–present)
- Governor-General - Sir Paul Scoon, Governor-General of Grenada (1978–1992)
- Prime Minister - Nicholas Brathwaite, Prime Minister of Grenada (1990–1995)
- Guatemala -
- President -
- Haiti -
- President -
- Prime Minister -
- Honduras -
- President - Rafael Leonardo Callejas Romero, President of Honduras (1990-1994)
- Jamaica -
- Monarch - Elizabeth II, Queen of Jamaica (1962–present)
- Governor-General -
- Prime Minister - Michael Manley, Prime Minister of Jamaica (1989-1992)
- Mexico -
- President - Carlos Salinas de Gortari, President of Mexico (1988-1994)
- Montserrat (British dependent territory)
- Governor - David G. P. Taylor, Governor of Montserrat (1990-1993)
- Chief Minister -
- Netherlands Antilles (constituent country of the Kingdom of the Netherlands)
- Governor - Jaime Saleh, Governor of the Netherlands Antilles (1990-2002)
- Prime Minister - Maria Liberia Peters, Prime Minister of the Netherlands Antilles (1988-1993)
- Nicaragua -
- President - Violeta Chamorro, President of Nicaragua (1990-1997)
- Panama -
- President - Guillermo Endara, President of Panama (1989-1994)
- Saint Kitts and Nevis -
- Monarch - Elizabeth II, Queen of Saint Kitts and Nevis (1983–present)
- Governor-General - Sir Clement Arrindell, Governor-General of Saint Kitts and Nevis (1981–1995)[15]
- Prime Minister - Kennedy Simmonds, Prime Minister of Saint Kitts and Nevis (1980–1995)[16]
- Nevis (autonomous island)
- Deputy Governor-General - Weston Parris, Deputy Governor-General of Saint Kitts and Nevis (1983-1992)
- Premier - Simeon Daniel, Premier of Nevis (1983–1992)
- Saint Lucia -
- Monarch - Elizabeth II, Queen of Saint Lucia (1979–present)
- Governor-General - Stanislaus A. James, Governor-General of Saint Lucia (1988–1996)
- Prime Minister - John Compton, Prime Minister of Saint Lucia (1982-1996)
- Saint Pierre and Miquelon (Territorial collectivity of France)
- Prefect -
- President of the General Council - Marc Plantegenest, President of the General Council of Saint Pierre and Miquelon (1984-1994)
- Saint Vincent and the Grenadines -
- Monarch - Elizabeth II, Queen of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines (1979–present)
- Governor-General - Sir David Jack, Governor-General of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines (1989-1996)
- Prime Minister - James Fitz-Allen Mitchell, Prime Minister of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines (1984-2000)
- Trinidad and Tobago -
- President - Noor Hassanali, President of Trinidad and Tobago (1987-1997)
- Prime Minister -
- Tobago (autonomous island)
- Chairman - Lennox Denoon, Chairman of the House of Assembly of Tobago (1989-1996)
- Turks and Caicos Islands (British dependent territory)
- United States of America
- President - George H. W. Bush, President of the United States (1989-1993)
- Puerto Rico (Commonwealth of the United States)
- Governor - Rafael Hernández Colón, Governor of Puerto Rico (1985-1993)
- United States Virgin Islands (Insular area of the United States)
- Governor - Alexander A. Farrelly, Governor of US Virgin Islands (1987-1995)
[edit] South America
- Argentina -
- President - Carlos Menem, President of Argentina (1989-1999)
- Bolivia -
- President - Jaime Paz Zamora, President of Bolivia (1989-1993)
- Brazil -
- President - Fernando Collor de Mello, President of Brazil (1990-1992)
- Chile -
- President - Patricio Aylwin, President of Chile (1990-1994)
- Colombia -
- President - César Gaviria, President of Colombia (1990-1994)
- Ecuador -
- President - Rodrigo Borja Cevallos, President of Ecuador (1988-1992)
- Falkland Islands (British dependent territory)
- Governor - William Hugh Fullerton, Governor of the Falkland Islands (1988-1992)
- Guyana -
- President - Desmond Hoyte, President of Guyana (1985-1992)
- Prime Minister - Hamilton Green, Prime Minister of Guyana (1985-1992)
- Paraguay -
- President - Andrés Rodríguez, President of Paraguay (1989-1993)
- Peru -
- President - Alberto Fujimori, President of Peru (1990-2000)
- Prime Minister -
- Suriname -
- Uruguay -
- President - Luis Alberto Lacalle, President of Uruguay (1990-1995)
- Venezuela -
- President - Carlos Andrés Pérez, President of Venezuela (1989-1993)
[edit] References
- ^ Brunei only became independent in 1984.
- ^ The Marshall Islands only became independent in 1986.
- ^ Tonga only became independent in 1970.
- ^ Tonga only became independent in 1970.
- ^ Vanuatu only became independent in 1980.
- ^ Titled President of Albania from 30 April 1991.
- ^ Titled Chairman of the Supreme Council until 11 November 1991.
- ^ Bahrain only became independent in 1971.
- ^ Bahrain only became independent in 1971.
- ^ Qatar only became independent in 1971.
- ^ Previously president of North Yemen from 1978 to 1990.
- ^ Antigua and Barbuda only became independent in 1981, until then Sir Wilfred Jacobs was titled Governor of Antigua and Barbuda.
- ^ Antigua and Barbuda only became independent in 1981.
- ^ The Bahamas only became independent on 1973.
- ^ Saint Kitts and Nevis only became independent in 1983, until then Sir Clement Arrindell was titled Governor of Saint Christopher and Nevis.
- ^ Saint Kitts and Nevis only became independent in 1983.

