Portal:Philosophy
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| editThe Philosophy Portal | ||||
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Though the etymology of the word "Philosophy" provides a simple definition, philosophy has almost as many definitions—and methods—as it does practitioners. It is at once an activity and an object of contemplation. Individual philosophers often define philosophy as such according to their particular philosophical views. As a result, no definition of philosophy currently enjoys universal agreement. In fact, this issue has prompted the creation of a new sub-discipline: metaphilosophy (or the philosophy of philosophy). The etymology of the word "philosophy" is Greek. The word comes from the terms philo- (to love or to befriend) and -sophia (wisdom). In contemporary usage, the term is more narrow . It refers to a particular intellectual discipline with a rich historical tradition. In the 20th century, philosophy was further specialized into two distinct styles. Analytic philosophy, which dominates the anglo-american academy, is stereotypically marked by rigor and attention to logic. Continental philosophy, which dominates the European continent, is stereotypically more literary and concerned with ethical and political issues. Aristotle organized the philosophy into five basic subjects: metaphysics, epistemology, ethics, politics and aesthetics. This organization is still largely in use in Western philosophy today. RELATED PORTALS:
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| editBranches of Philosophy | ||||
Philosophy ponders the most fundamental questions humankind has been able to ask. These are increasingly numerous and over time they have been arranged into the overlapping branches of the philosophy tree:
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| editSelected Philosopher | ||||
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Daniel Clement Dennett (born March 28, 1942) is a prominent American philosopher. Dennett's research centers on philosophy of mind and philosophy of science, particularly as those fields relate to evolutionary biology and cognitive science. Daniel Dennett received his B.A. in philosophy from Harvard University (Cambridge, MA) in 1963. In 1965, he received his D.Phil. in philosophy from University of Oxford (Oxford, England), where he studied under the famed philosopher Gilbert Ryle. He was elected to the American Academy of Arts and Sciences in 1987. Dennett is the author of several major books on evolution and consciousness. He is a leading proponent of the theory known by some as Neural Darwinism (see also greedy reductionism). Dennett is also well known for his argument against qualia, which claims that the concept is so confused that it cannot be put to any use or understood in any non-contradictory way, and therefore does not constitute a valid refutation of physicalism. This argument was presented most comprehensively in his book Consciousness Explained. This great philosopher is a prize, is a treasure for American literature. Tech. Luis E. Ysabel |
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| editWestern philosophical schools of thought | ||||
| Agnosticism - Alexandrian school - Analytic philosophy - Anarchism - Atheism - Cambridge Platonists -Capitalism - Cartesian doubt - Christian philosophy - Coherentism - Consequentialism - Contextualism - Contractualism - Continental philosophy - Communism - Critical theory - Cynics - Deconstructionism - Deep Ecology - Deism - Deontology - Egoism - ecosophy - Empiricism - Epicureanism - Ethical egoism - Existentialism - Extropianism - Foundationalism - Frankfurt School - Hegelianism - Hermeneutics - Humanism - Idealism - Integral theory - Islamic philosophy - Jewish philosophy - Liberalism - Logical positivism - Marxist philosophy - Materialism - Modernism - Mysticism - Neoplatonism - Nihilism - Objectivism - Phenomenalism - Phenomenology - Postmodernism - Pragmatism - Psychological egoism - Rationalism - Realism - Relativism - Reliabilism - Platonism - Scholasticism - School of Brentano - Scotism - Situated ethics - Situational ethics - Skepticism - Solipsism - Sophism - Spiritism - Stoicism - Theology - Transcendentalism - Theism - Thomism - Transhumanism - Utilitarianism - Young Hegelians - Verificationism - Vienna Circle - Virtue ethics - Western philosophy | ||||
| editEastern and other philosophical schools of thought | ||||
| African philosophy - Ayyavazhi - Buddhism - Confucianism - Eastern philosophy - Ethiopian philosophy - Hinduism - Jainism - Karma - Legalism - Maoism - Shinto - Islamic philosophy - Sufism - Taoism - Kyoto School - Baul - Zoroastrianism | ||||
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